о "внешних" объектах с позиции Гелуг

don byed nus pa (6)
   IW: [that which is] able to perform a function/ create knowledge, function
   JH: Hopkins' Translations: able to perform a function; that which is able to perform a function; that which has the capacity to perform a function
   Sanskrit: {LCh}artha-kriyā-śakti; artha-kriyā-sāmarthya; {GD:115} artha-kriyā-samartham
   Comment: This is the definition of thing (dngos po). In the Great Exposition School even permanent phenomena have the capacity to perform a function, such as uncompounded space capacity to allow the placement or movement of objects. In the Sūtra School and above, having the capacity to perform a function refers to the function of producing effects, and thus the reference is only to impermanent phenomena.
   JV: efficacious, efficacy, the power to originate causal sequences, functioning thing, efficiency
   RY: ability of fulfill a function, power to produce effects, [readiness to do something] [ggd]
   RY: capable of performing a function, functional [thd]
   RY: that which is able to perform in function, able to create knowledge; to function, able to create knowledge; capable of effect or function