Духовный материализм.

punk · Зарегистрирован: 12.12.2006 Суждений: 181

Образчик духовного материализма.
http://intv.ru/view/?film_id=43378

test · 一心 Зарегистрирован: 18.02.2005 Суждений: 18706

Византия была, без преувеличения, одной из самых грандиозных цивилизаций в истории человечества. Ни одна другая империя не прожила столь долго. Византия просуществовала 1120 лет.

КИ · 3Д Зарегистрирован: 17.02.2005 Суждений: 48656

Индийская тоже жива, и практически без революционных изменений за все время. Правда, в случае Индии не империя, а только цивилизация.

test · 一心 Зарегистрирован: 18.02.2005 Суждений: 18706

Текст писал профи, сначала про цивилизацию, тут-же про империю - как бы одно и то же, но и не соврал.

test · 一心 Зарегистрирован: 18.02.2005 Суждений: 18706

Byzantium soon fell into a period of difficulties, caused to a large extent by the undermining of the theme system and the neglect of the military. Nikephoros II, John Tzimiskes and Basil II changed the military divisions (τάγματα, tagmata) from a rapid response, primarily defensive, citizen army into a professional, campaigning army increasingly manned by mercenaries. Mercenaries, however, were expensive and as the threat of invasion receded in the 10th century, so did the need for maintaining large garrisons and expensive fortifications.[60] Basil II left a burgeoning treasury upon his death, but neglected to plan for his succession. None of his immediate successors had any particular military or political talent and the administration of the Empire increasingly fell into the hands of the civil service. Efforts to revive the Byzantine economy only resulted in inflation and a debased gold coinage. The army was now seen as both an unnecessary expense and a political threat. Therefore, native troops were cashiered and replaced by foreign mercenaries on specific contract.[61]